vault

英文词源

vault

vault: Vault ‘arched roof’ [14] and vault ‘jump’ [16] are distinct words, although they share a common ancestor: Latin volvere ‘roll, turn’ (source also of English involve, revolve, etc). Its feminine past participle volūta evolved in Vulgar Latin into *volta, which was used as a noun meaning ‘turn’, hence ‘curved roof’.

English acquired it via Old French voute or vaute. The use of vaulted ceilings in underground rooms led in the 16th century to the application of vault to ‘burial chamber’. Also from volvere came Vulgar Latin *volvitāre ‘turn a horse’, hence ‘leap, gambol’. This passed via Italian voltare and French volter into English as vault.
=> involve, revolve, volume

vault (n.1)

"arched roof or ceiling," c. 1300, vaute, from Old French voute "arch, vaulting, vaulted roof or chamber," from Vulgar Latin *volta, contraction of *volvita, noun use of fem. of *volvitus, alteration of Latin volutus "bowed, arched," past participle of volvere "to turn, turn around, roll" (see volvox). The -l- appeared in English c. 1400, an etymological insertion in imitation of earlier forms (compare fault (n.)).

vault (v.1)

"jump or leap over," especially by aid of the hands or a pole, 1530s, transitive (implied in vaulting); 1560s, intransitive, from Middle French volter "to gambol, leap," from Italian voltare "to turn," from Vulgar Latin *volvitare "to turn, leap," frequentative of Latin volvere "to turn, turn around, roll" (see volvox). Related: Vaulted; vaulting.

vault (n.2)

"a leap," especially using the hands or a pole, 1570s, from vault (v.1).

vault (v.2)

"to form with a vault or arched roof," late 14c., from Old French vaulter, volter, from voute "arch, vaulted roof" (see vault (n.1)). Related: Vaulted; vaulting.