skate

英文词源

skate

skate: English has two words skate. The older is the fish-name [14], which was borrowed from Old Norse skata. Skate used for gliding over ice [17] comes from an Old French word for ‘stilt’ – eschasse. Its northern dialect form was escase. This was borrowed into English in the 16th century as the now obsolete scatch ‘stilt’, and into Middle Dutch as schaetse, its meaning unaccountably changed to ‘skate’.

Its modern Dutch descendant schaats was borrowed into English as scates, which soon came to be regarded as a plural, and was ‘singularized’ to skate. Eschasse itself came from a Frankish *skakkja, a derivative of the verb *skakan ‘run fast’, which in turn was descended from prehistoric Germanic *skakan (source of English shake).
=> shake

skate (n.1)

"type of flat, cartilaginous fish, a kind of ray," mid-14c., from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse skata "skate," Danish skade, Faeroese skøta, of unknown origin.

skate (n.2)

"ice skate," 1660s, skeates "ice skates," from Dutch schaats (plural schaatsen), a singular mistaken in English for plural, from Middle Dutch schaetse. The word and the custom were brought to England after the Restoration by exiled followers of Charles II who had taken refuge in Holland.

The Dutch word is from Old North French escache "a stilt, trestle," related to Old French eschace "stilt" (French échasse), from Frankish *skakkja "stilt" or a similar Germanic source (compare Frisian skatja "stilt"), perhaps literally "thing that shakes or moves fast" and related to root of Old English sceacan "to vibrate" (see shake (v.)). Or perhaps [Klein] the Dutch word is connected to Middle Low German schenke, Old English scanca "leg" (see shank). Sense alteration in Dutch from "stilt" to "skate" is not clearly traced. Sense in English extended to roller-skates by 1876. Meaning "an act of skating" is from 1853.

skate (v.)

1690s, "to ice-skate," from skate (n.2). U.S. slang sense of "to get away with something" is attested from 1945. Related: Skated; skating. A modern Latinate word for an ice-skating rink is glaciarium (1876).