presume

vt. 假定；推测；擅自；意味着

vi. 相信；擅自行为

中文词源

presume 假设，假定

pre-,在前，早于，预先，-sum,承担，认为，词源同assume,resume.引申词义假设，假定等。

presume (v.): late 14c., "to take upon oneself, to take liberty," also "to take for granted, presuppose," especially overconfidently, from Old French presumer (12c.) and directly from Latin praesumere "anticipate," in Late Latin, "assume" (see presumption). Related: Presumed; presumedly; presuming.

1、先入为主，先下手为强。

1. They're resentful that outsiders presume to meddle in their affairs.: 他们对外人擅自干预他们的事务非常愤慨。

3. I would not presume to censure Osborne for hating his mother.: 我不会擅自批评奥斯本恨他妈妈这件事。