gruff
adj. 粗暴的；粗哑的；脾气坏的
vt. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说
vi. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说话
n. 格拉夫（英国珠宝品牌）
中文词源
gruff 低沉沙哑的，生硬的
词源不详。可能来自拟声词，模仿沙哑的声音。
英文词源
- gruff (adj.)
- 1530s, of physical things, "coarse, coarse-grained," from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German grof "coarse (in quality), thick, large," of uncertain origin, regarded by some as related to Old English hreof, Old Norse hrjufr "rough, scabby," with Germanic completive prefix ga-. Of manners, "rough, surly," by 1690s. Related: Gruffness.
中文解释
1. rough => gruff.2. ga- (Germanic completive prefix) + rough => gruff.3. 音：哥 rough，这位大哥很rough4. 童话故事：《三只坏脾气的山羊》：《The Three Billy Goats Gruff》。5. 谐音“哥鲁夫”----哥哥是一个粗鲁的家伙----粗鲁的，生硬的；声音粗哑的。
实用例句
- 1. His gruff exterior concealed one of the kindest hearts.
- 他粗暴的外表下藏着一颗非常善良的心。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. He picked up the phone expecting to hear the chairman's gruff voice.
- 他拿起电话，心想会听到主席粗哑的嗓音。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. He could be gruff and monosyllabic.
- 他说话噎人，且话不多。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. Beneath his gruff exterior, he's really very kind-hearted.
- 他外表冷漠，心地却十分善良。
来自《权威词典》
- 5. He hid his feelings behind a gruff abruptness.
- 他把自己的感情隐藏在生硬鲁莽之中.
来自《简明英汉词典》