gratuitous

adj. 无理由的，无端的；免费的

中文词源

gratuitous 无缘无故的，无谓的

来自词根grat, 感谢，词源同grace, gratitude. 原指表达感谢，报答，免费给予。后词义贬义化，指无缘无故的，莫名其妙的。比较汉语无功不受禄。

gratuitous (adj.): 1650s, "freely bestowed," from Latin gratuitus "done without pay, spontaneous, voluntary," from gratus "pleasing, agreeable," from gratia "favor" (see grace (n.)). Earlier was gratuital (1590s). Sense of "uncalled for, done without good reason" is first recorded 1690s.

1. grace => congratulation, agree => Latin gratus "pleasing, agreeable" => gratuitous, gratuity.2. Others: grateful, gratitude, gratify.

3. Folly, folly , his heart kept saying: conscious , gratuitous, suicidal folly.: 他心里不住地说着: 真蠢, 真蠢,蠢得自觉自愿, 蠢得无缘无故, 蠢得自己找死!

5. I did not want to be singled out for gratuitous punishment.: 我不愿意叫她提溜出来遭受这无缘无故的惩罚.