forge

英文词源

forge

forge: Forge ‘make’ [13] and forge ahead [17] are two quite distinct and unrelated words in English. The former’s now common connotation of ‘faking’ is in fact a purely English development (dating from the late 14th century) in a word whose relatives in other languages (such as French forger) mean simply ‘make – especially by working heated metal’. It comes via Old French forger from Latin fabricāre ‘make’ (source also of English fabricate, which has similarly dubious connotations).

The related noun forge goes back to Latin fabrica (whence also English fabric), amongst whose specialized senses was ‘blacksmith’s workshop’. Forge ‘move powerfully’, as in forge ahead, may be an alteration of force.
=> fabric

forge (n.)

late 14c., "a smithy," from Old French forge "forge, smithy" (12c.), earlier faverge, from Latin fabrica "workshop, smith's shop," hence also "a trade, an industry;" also "a skillful production, a crafty device," from faber (genitive fabri) "workman in hard materials, smith" (see fabric). As the heating apparatus itself (a furnace fitted with a bellows), from late 15c. Forge-water (1725), in which heated iron has been dipped, was used popularly as a medicine in 18c.

forge (v.2)

1769 (with an apparent isolated use from 1610s), "make way, move ahead," of unknown origin, perhaps an alteration of force (v.), but perhaps rather from forge (n.), via notion of steady hammering at something. Originally nautical, in reference to vessels.

forge (v.1)

early 14c., "to counterfeit" (a letter, document, etc.), from Old French forgier "to forge, work (metal); shape, fashion; build, construct; falsify" (12c., Modern French forger), from Latin fabricari "to frame, construct, build," from fabrica "workshop" (see forge (n.)). Meaning "to counterfeit" (a letter, document, or other writing) is from early 14c.; literal meaning "to form (something) by heating in a forge and hammering" is from late 14c. in English, also used in Middle English of the minting of coins, so that it once meant "issue good money" but came to mean "issue spurious (paper) money." Related: Forged; forging.