upstream/downstream是什么意思

网络释义

用法例句

A collaboration planning model (CPM) for co-ordination of supply chain (SC) is established by the sharing of information, which is based on up-down stream planning models.

基于供需链上下游计划模型 ,通过计划共享 ,给出了上下游供需合作计划模型。

This paper builds models to analyze the input and income of technological innovation of the upstream and downstream firms in a supply chain,and also analyzes the output volume,the sales price and the consumers surplus of them.

文章基于对①供应链上下游企业都不开展技术创新;②下游企业单独开展技术创新;③上游企业单独开展技术创新;④上下游企业都开展技术创新这四种情况的模型进行了求解与分析,比较了这四种情况下,供应链上下游企业技术创新的投入与收益、以及产品产量、销售价格和消费者剩余,得出了单独上游企业的技术创新比单独下游企业的技术创新能够给上下游企业带来更多的收益,也能给消费者带来更多的剩余,而上下游企业都开展技术创新带来的上下游企业收益和消费者剩余都是最多的。

The horizontal merger in the upstream and downstream firms in an industry is discussed in this paper.

本文研究同行业中上下游企业的横向兼并策略。

This paper classifies the technological innovation of upstream and downstream firms into four cases: Ⅰ)neither upstream nor downstream firm makes any technological innovation;Ⅱ)only downstream firm makes technological innovation;Ⅲ)only upstream firm makes technological innovation;Ⅳ)both upstream and downstream firm make technological innovation.

将上下游企业的技术创新分成4种类型:上下游企业都不开展技术创新、下游企业单独开展技术创新、上游企业单独开展技术创新和上下游企业都开展技术创新。

Study on Seepage Control Method for the Upstream and Downstream Sides of RCCD;

碾压混凝土坝上下游防渗结构型式研究

Research on the Compensation of Concrete Crevice Treatment on the Upper & Down Stream Dam Surface of the Three Gorges Project;

三峡二期工程大坝上下游面混凝土裂缝处理变更补偿问题探析

Evaluating hydrologic alternation along the East River basin,southern China,under the changing environment

复杂环境下华南东江中上游流域筑坝导致的水文变异

Reinforce Treatment of Vibration for Upstream Cofferdam of Xinjiang Xiabandi Reservoir Dam

新疆下坂地水库大坝上游围堰基础振冲加固处理

The Measures of the Risk Elimination & Reinforcement of Lingdong Reservoir Upstream Dam Slope

灵东水库大坝上游坝坡除险加固处理措施建议

Study on Degradation of River-bed and its Mathematical Modelling Downstream Larger Dam

大坝下游河床下切及其数学模型研究

An Analysis of Horizontal Cracks on the Upstream Slope and the Heel of the Gravity Dams in Terms of Fracture Mechanics

重力坝上游坝面和坝踵水平裂缝的断裂力学分析

Additional length of seepage path of upstream slope of dams and levees on impervious strata

不透水地基上堤坝上游坡的附加渗径

Scouring Phenomenon of the Channel Bed Below a Sabo-dam

防砂坝下游河床局部冲刷现象之研究

Study on Salinity Intrusion of Nandujiang Estuary(Lower Reaches of Longtang Dam);

南渡江河口（龙塘坝下游）盐水入侵研究

Assessment of aseismic stability of pavement plate on downstream slope of embankment dam

土石坝下游坝坡砌块在地震作用下的稳定性评价

Research of arch dam vibration induced by the spillway flood flow nape dropping on the river bed

拱坝溢流水舌冲击下游河床诱发坝体振动的研究

Analysis and Control of Impacts of Water Discharge during Large Dam Operation on the Downstream Ecosystem;

大坝运行过程中泄水对坝下游生态系统的影响分析及控制

There are horse shoe vortex around spur dikes and Karman vortices behind spur dikes.

发现在丁坝的上游会形成马蹄涡 ,在丁坝的背风面会形成卡门涡 .

ANALYSIS OF UNFAVOURABLE SITUATIONS FOR CHENCUN ARCH DAM WITH UPSTREAM DISPLACEMENT AT ARCH CROWM

陈村拱坝拱冠坝块向上游位移最不利运行状态分析

Study on Shaking and Jetting Reinforcement Technology in the Upstream Sand-Shell Slope of Andi Dam in Linyi City, Shandong Province;

岸堤水库心墙砂壳坝上游坝坡振冲加固技术研究

FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH DAM AT MIDDLE REACHES OF JINSHA RIVER WITH THICK RIVERBED DEPOSIT

金沙江中游上江坝址河床深厚覆盖层建高坝可行性探讨

Application of Dam Safety Monitoring Information Management System in Huanghe Upper Stream Hydropower Plant Several Dams Management

大坝安全监测信息管理系统在黄河上游水电站多坝管理中的应用